King Devanampiyatissa (250-210 BC) made a significant contribution to Buddhism by donating the Nandanavana and Mahameghavana, located near the southern entrance, to the bhikkhus. Within the Mahameghavana, he established the first Sangharama (monastery), initially named ‘Tissarama.’ This monastery later evolved into what is known today as ‘Mahameghavanarama’ and ‘Mahavihara.’ For centuries, the Mahavihara served as the spiritual headquarters for the Sri Lankan bhikkhu community. It was here, under the guidance of the Mahavihara monastics, that the Tripitaka and its commentaries (Atthakatha) were committed to writing.

The Mahavihara exerted a profound influence on the island’s religious, political, economic, social, and cultural landscapes. This significant site is home to important structures, including the revered Sri Maha Bodhi, the Ruvanveli Seya, and the Thuparama, all of which contribute to its historical and spiritual significance. The Mahavihara’s legacy continues to be felt in Sri Lanka, reflecting its pivotal role in shaping the development of Buddhism and the broader culture of the nation.

The Abhayagiri Stupa, the second largest stupa in Sri Lanka, was constructed by King Vattagamini, also known as Valagamba (89-77 BC), and encompasses an impressive area of nearly 200 hectares. According to the accounts of Bhikkhu Fa-hsien, who visited Sri Lanka in the 5th century, there were approximately 5,000 resident bhikkhus at Abhayagiri, in contrast to the 3,000 at Mahavihara.

The development of Abhayagiri reached its zenith during the reign of King Mahasen, becoming a prominent center for Mahayana Buddhism. The numerous Buddhist structures surrounding Abhayagiri reflect its significance as a leading educational institution, attracting students and scholars from both local and international backgrounds. This vibrant complex not only served as a religious site but also played a crucial role in the dissemination of Buddhist teachings and the fostering of scholarship throughout the region.